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Around 10.7 million people living in the UK were born outside the country, representing approximately 16% of the total population.
This figure is based on the latest UK Census (2021–2022), which remains the most reliable source for understanding the size of the immigrant population.
However, immigration statistics are often misunderstood. Headlines about “net migration” refer to movement flows—not the total number of immigrants living in the UK.
What Counts as an “Immigrant” in the UK?
There is no single official legal definition of “immigrant” used across all UK data.
Foreign-Born Population (Most Common Definition)
- People born outside the UK.
- Includes individuals who later become British citizens.
- Used by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and Census.
Foreign Nationals
- People who do not hold British citizenship.
- Smaller group than foreign-born population.
👉 In most cases, “immigrants” refers to the foreign-born population.
How Many Immigrants Are in the UK in 2026?
Latest Reliable Estimate
- 10.7 million foreign-born residents.
- Approximately 16% of the UK population.
This is based on Census data, which remains the most accurate long-term dataset.
Immigration vs Net Migration: Key Differences
Important Definitions
- Immigration → People entering the UK.
- Emigration → People leaving the UK.
- Net migration → Difference between the two.
- Immigrant population → Total number living in the UK.
Why This Matters
Net migration can fall, but the total number of immigrants may still remain high. These metrics measure different things.
How Has Immigration Changed Over Time?
Long-Term Trends
- Early 2000s: ~8–9% foreign-born population.
- 2021–2022: ~16%.
This means the immigrant population has nearly doubled over two decades.
Key Drivers
- EU expansion (mid-2000s).
- Skilled worker migration.
- International students.
- Post-Brexit immigration system.
- Global events (e.g. COVID-19).
Where Do Immigrants Live in the UK?
Highest Concentrations
- London → Over 40% foreign-born.
- South East England → Second highest.
These regions account for a large share of the UK’s immigrant population.
Lowest Concentrations
- North East England.
- Wales.
- Northern Ireland.
Which Countries Do UK Immigrants Come From?
Top Countries of Birth
- India.
- Poland.
- Pakistan.
- Romania.
- Ireland.
These countries account for a significant proportion of the UK’s immigrant population.
Why Different Sources Show Different Numbers
Common Reasons
- Different years of data.
- Different definitions (foreign-born vs nationality).
- Survey estimates vs Census data.
- Confusion with net migration.
👉 Census-based data is the most accurate for population size.
Why This Matters for Employers
Immigration trends directly impact:
Workforce Planning
- Talent availability.
- Skills shortages.
Sponsorship Demand
- Skilled Worker visas.
- Health and Care Worker visas.
Compliance & Costs
- Sponsor licence requirements.
- Immigration cost forecasting.
Annaizu helps businesses navigate these challenges with compliance-first solutions.
👉 Official UK data: Peoplepopulationandcommunity on GOV.UK
👉 Annaizu immigration insights: Annaizu workforce management and compliance platform
Conclusion
The UK is home to a significant and growing immigrant population. Understanding the difference between migration flows and population size is essential for accurate interpretation of immigration data.
For employers, policymakers, and researchers, these insights are critical for planning, compliance, and long-term strategy.
FAQs
How many immigrants live in the UK?
Around 10.7 million people, or 16% of the population, are foreign-born.
Is net migration the same as the number of immigrants?
No. Net migration measures yearly movement, not total population.
Has immigration increased in the UK?
Yes. The foreign-born population has grown significantly over the past 20 years.
Related Annaizu resources: Explore immigration services and sponsor licence guidance and case-specific advice for practical support with employer compliance and immigration workflows.
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